Walmart essayEssay Writing Service

Walmart essayEssay Writing Service Walmart essay Walmart essayBased on the cases described above, how would you describe the managerial philosophy of Walmart? What principles are involved? What are the over- riding aims, values, and goals of Walmart?Walmart’s managerial philosophy is profit-oriented that means that the company puts its marketing interests prior to ethical norms and standards. The company uses utilitarian principles to reach its over-riding aims, values and goals, which lead the company toward taking the competitive advantage in the marketing using any means to reach the target end.How would you decide, in any of the cases mentioned above, whether or not Walmart had been acting in a socially responsible way? What considerations would help you to decide?The company would refuse from bribery in Mexico, if it acted in a socially responsible way. This is the only possible way because bribery violates basic social and ethical norms and misbalances the performance of the company and its social responsibility. The c ompany cannot bribe, with the one hand and provide social support with another.Does it matter to you, as a potential customer or a potential employee, whether Walmart has acted unethically? Why or why not?It does matter a lot whether Walmart acts ethically or not because the neglect of basic ethical norms is the ultimate manifestation of disrespect to a potential customer or employee. I would not buy from or work at the company that violates ethical norms.For a corporation as complex as Walmart, with some activities that can be described as unethical and some as ethical, is it ever possible to make a blanket ethical judgment about its operations?It is possible to make a blanket ethical judgment about Walmart’s operations because the company should have corporate ethical norms and standards determining the conduct of its managers and employees worldwide.How might Walmart executives defend their actions after they learned of the bribery in Mexico? Would your judgment change if bribery was a common business practice in Mexico?Walmart executives justified cases of bribery by the high level of corruption in Mexico. However, even if bribery was a common business practice in Mexico, such practices are unacceptable for the company conducting socially responsible policies.Walmart’s wages are above the legally required minimum wage, and health benefits are not legally mandated. Are there reasons for a business to take actions that are not required by law but that might reduce profits?Such actions are acceptable as long as they are within the framework of the social responsibility of the company and stand for interests of employees and local community members.Does Walmart have any responsibilities to its suppliers other than those specified in their contracts?Formally, Walmart have responsibilities determined by contracts but also the company should be able to respect ethical norms and standards.

Stewart’s Calculus 8th Edition Section 1.1 Question 1

Stewart’s Calculus 8th Edition Section 1.1 Question 1 SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips This posts contains aTeaching Explanation. You can buyCalculus by Stewarthere. Why You Should Trust Me:I’m Dr. Fred Zhang, and I have a bachelor’s degree in math from Harvard. I’ve racked up hundreds and hundreds of hours of experienceworking withstudents from 5thgradethroughgraduate school, and I’m passionate about teaching. I’ve read the whole chapter of the text beforehand and spent a good amount of time thinking about what the best explanation is and what sort of solutions I would have wanted to see in the problem sets I assigned myself when I taught. Question:If$f(z) = z -√(2-z)$ and$g(u) = u -√(2-u)$is it true that f =g?Page in 8th Edition:19 Short Answer: Yes, it is true that f=g because the equation for g is exactly the same as that for f, except with x replaced by u. Homework Answer: Because the equation for f(x) and g(u) are the same, this means that for all valid inputs for function f, the function f and g give the same output. In other words, for all valid z, $f(z) = z - √(2-z) = g(z)$. Motivated Answer: This question is asking if f = g. What does it mean for two functions to be equal? We know that 2 = 2, and if someone asks, does 2=3? We know the answer is â€Å"no†, but does f = g? Remember, functions take in inputs, and spit out outputs. Two functions f and g are only equal if they always give you the same output no matter what the input is. Let’s see what happens if we put in any valid input z into f. We get$f(z) = z - √(2-z)$. Now let’s put that same z into g, and we get$g(z) = z - √(2-z)$. These two are the same, and so f and g are the same. This question is a bit of a trick. The textbook writes$g(u) = u - √(2-u)$, but they could have just written$g(x) = x - √(2-x)$. This would have made it much more clear that f = g. There are two key learning points to take away: Two functions can be the same even if the equations look different written out. The above point is NOT true in reverse: If you substitute the same variable z into two functions’ equations, and can get the equations to look the same, then the functions are the same. Video Solution: Get full textbook solutions for just $5/month. PrepScholar Solutions has step-by-step solutions that teach you critical concepts and help you ace your tests. With 1000+ top texts for math, science, physics, engineering, economics, and more, we cover all popular courses in the country, including Stewart's Calculus. Try a 7-day free trial to check it out.

Nietzsche Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Nietzsche - Essay Example Before interpreting the essay, one should also put it into context. This essay was written when Nietzsche himself was sick. He was a medical orderly in the Franco-Prussian War and he contracted several diseases during his duty. As his health declined, his works became more prolific, probably because he had more time to think. It is worthwhile to note that Nietzsche was the father of â€Å"nihilism†. With Germany unified at his time, it was understandable that his nation was quite optimistic about science and knowledge and their future. Nietzsche prophetically noted that the German’s fanatic optimism, nationalism and religiosity (Christianity; most were Anti-Semitic) would lead the nation to war. Nietzsche was never a believer of absolutes. He has a quote, â€Å"You have your way. I have my way. As for the correct way, and the only way, it does not exist†. On the Genealogy of Morals is an essay the traces the â€Å"origin† or â€Å"genealogy† of these morals. It is a critique of the modern people’s moral judgments and it is made up of three essays, using the genealogical method which examines the origin of some of these moral beliefs and the quality of life that the modern man leads. The Genealogy of Morals calls for suspension of certain beliefs in certain truths, and as this is a critique for morals, it calls for the reader to suspend some of the assumptions that he has pertaining to morals. For Nietzsche, some things have different meanings at different times and The Genealogy of Morals attempts to explain certain things the evolution certain things have undergone, especially morals. In a society, for instance, morals are treated as something sacred by virtue of values and religion. However, these morals are never absolute as their meanings are dynamic and may change depending on a situation. Hence, Nietzsche does not believe on reality because it may change any moment, as they are only socially constructed (and society is also

Gender and the Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gender and the Media - Essay Example The masculine is attributed to males while the feminine to the females. The document below analyzes the way media displays husbands as commercial or entrepreneurs while wives are always linked with kitchen or home matters (Carter 2). Mixed sentiments always feature concerning this matter some aiming to support while others stand to condemn it. I wish to counter this statement. Media is vital in creating social norms. This is because various media forms including television, film, and advertisements are available everywhere in the world today. The existence of gender roles is sole as a result of society choosing to accept them. However, the media tends to perpetuate them. According to Carter (2011), mass media like news industries, entertainment and advertising tend to portray men as well as women with stereotypes whereby ladies or wives are placed in deprived situations such as submissive and passive roles. Men or husbands, on the other hand, are usually revealed to have a likelihood of succeeding and always concerned with their occupations. Consequently, power relations and the traditional gender roles have become deeply interiorized in the sub-consciousness via the mass media. Biblically as well as according to the social set up, men are obligated to provide for the family. They are, therefore, required to be aggressive so as to put something on the table for their wives and children. The scenario of husbands being revealed as commercially oriented persons while wives as people dealing with domestic matters is an understandable fact. This is because for husbands to provide, they have to be entrepreneurs or focused on their occupations (Warren 2). Wives, on the other hand, have the right to be at home minding the domestic matters since the husband is providing. It is hence justifiable to say that husbands are commercial while wives are only meant for the kitchen matters.

Audience And Action Plan Essay Example for Free

Audience And Action Plan Essay I am the manager of Lexington Short Term Outpatient/Inpatient Rehabilitation Center with the task of developing an action plan and a proposal to add long term care services to our current services that will be presented to the organization’s Board of Directors for approval. Initially, I had prepared an action plan that requires updating. My initial action plan included the following: various communication methods to be use by managers within this organization, the importance of the identified communication methods within this organizational structure, internal/external relationships to be considered, steps involved in organizational planning and functions of management, how planned steps may be applied to the scenario, strategies that might be used to bring about change in the organization, how those strategies may be used to prevent or to minimize conflict, strategies that can be applied if conflict does arise, the managers role in conflict management, ethical issues that may altered the way change is conducted in the organization, the effects of financial and human resource management controls, how financial and human resource control issues may affect the decision-making process, environmental influences related to health care which may affect outcomes and quality within the organization, and, how the implemented change will be tracked or evaluated. I decided to add diversity to management, administration, staff and health care services to appeal to a diverse patient population that is multilingual to enhance communication with our clients and broaden our patient services. This worked well for me because I realized that being equipped to serve a diverse patient population will give my proposal better chance of being accepted by the Board of Directors. While attempting to update my action plan, deciding on what will be appropriate and successful was something that was a challenge for me. Another challenge was incorporating my new updates to my current action  plan. If I was asked the question what would I have done differently if I had the opportunity prior to my update, my answer would have been to have the opportunity to update my action plan. Now that my update is completed, I feel very confident and is ready to present my proposal and action plan to the Board of Directors and I will not do anything differently from this point on. Buchbinder, S.B Shanks, N.H (2012). Introduction to health care management (2nd ed.) Burlington, MA: Jones Bartlett Learning.

John Adams Essays -- essays research papers

David McCullough. John Adams. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. 656 pp. David McCullough was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1933, and educated at Yale where he graduated with honors in English literature. McCullough lives in West Tisbury, Massachusetts with his wife, Rosalee Barnes McCullough. They have five children and fifteen grandchildren. He is the author of Truman, Brave Companions, Mornings on Horseback, The Path Between the Seas, The Great Bridge, and the Johnstown Flood. He has received the Pulitzer Prize (in 1993, for Truman), the Francis Parkman Prize, (this award promotes literary distinction in historical writing, and is presented annually for the best book in American history). He has also won the Los Angeles Times Book Award, and is twice winner of the National Book award, for history and biography. McCullough has lectured in all parts of the country and abroad, as well as at the White House, as part of the White House presidential lecture series. He is also one of few private citizens to be asked to speak before a joint session of C ongress. David McCullough has been an editor, essayist, teacher, lecturer, and familiar presence on public television- as host of Smithsonian World, The American Experience, and numerous documentaries including The Civil War and Napoleon. John Adams is a biography about the second president of the United States. McCullough originally set out to write a dual biography of Adams and Jefferson. David McCullough has successfully incorporated the life of Thomas Jefferson into this biography. The idea was to explore their interlocking lives and careers. The two men first met as fellow patriots united in the cause of independence in the mid-1770s. As fellow diplomats in Europe in the 1780s they became close friends. In the 1790s they became political rivals and didn’t speak to each other for more than ten years. They reconciled in their retirement years, and then launched into one of the great exchanges of letters in American history. They died on the same day- July 4th, 1826, fifty years after the Declaration of Independence. Though this began as a dual biography it quickly became an Adams biography. McCullough realized that after a year and one half of research that Adams was in every respect a more fully developed, three-dimensional, warm-blooded, and compelling character than Jefferson. McCullough wants his ... ...ams’s. I learned so much about the relationship between Abigail and John Adams. Their life together was a true love story. I also learned the contrasts between Adams and Jefferson. Jefferson was tall, lean, and youthful. Adams was short, stout, and eight years Jefferson’s senior. Adams kept no record of accounts, Jefferson, on the other hand, kept meticulous records, but the greatest difference between them was that Jefferson avoided conflict. He could not bring himself to argue with anyone, ever. In contrast, Adams embraced difficulty, conflict, and struggle. After reading this book I came away with a better understanding of the civil war, slavery, and other crucial issues facing America at that time. John Adams has given me an insatiable appetite to learn more about our founding fathers, I feel that I can never know enough about them. This was an absolutely fascinating book to read. I loved it! For me this was the history lesson that I needed. I enjoyed this book from a plain readers point of view; moreover I enjoyed the history lesson in rare form. David McCullough’s John Adams was, by far, the best written and most interesting book that I have ever read. (word count 1543)

Obeying a Lawful Order

Army value â€Å"DUTY† In this essay you will learn about one of the most important Army value â€Å"Duty†. In this essay i will be talking about a few diffrent topics that correnspond with the Army value â€Å"Duty†. In this essy you read 3 diffrent stories about how soldiers did there duty and then i will give you 3 stories on how not doing your duty as soldier affects the team. You will also read about leadership duty and how it can either help the lower enlisted or break the lower enlisted. So be prepeared to get some knowledge dropped on and also to learn how you as a leader should think about how it affects joe. Story 1: this story is about a young soldier who was some what squared away. He has been in the army for almost 2 years. During this time in the army he has been smoked, negitived couseled, and even a article 15. So this soldier has been slammed but he didnt get discouraged he kept his head up rolled with the punches and realized he dont have to stay in the army. So where does this story fit in? I know you are asking yourself this question as you read this essay well im about to explian it to you. Okay now back to the story, the soldier was three months away from his ets date and he was happy, excited, shit he even stop showing up for pt, and he had some celebration marry Jane. So this soldier was content on getting out because he felt that the army was not him and it was best to part there ways. So he's a week out and september 11 happens so he runs to the rention officer and reinlist because he knows that it was war time and it wasnt about just hime and his feeling about the army. His counrty was attacked and he took and oath to protect it so he put his personal feeling aside yeah he could have easly hit the yellow brick road, and chucked up the duces as he skipped his happy ass down the road. But he did beleave strongly about the army values and he had to preform his duty as soldier and an american. So this story 1 hold all questions comments and concerns untill i finish. Story 2: This story is about a medal of honor winner. The winner iof this award was in special forces his son is a good friend of sargent o'b. This guy was bad ass he was awared 8 purple hearts two bronze stars with valor and the two bronze stars was orginally metal of honor nominations but was down graded because the mission they accured on was top secert and couldnt be exposed. So the day he recieved his metal of honor he was on a mission and they were pinned down and he recieved the message over the radio that he one the medal of honor some say who ever gave him that message should be shot because he was in a damn fire fight butafter recieving the message he was wounded and that is how he recieved his 8th purple heart. The story of how he recieved his perstigeous award goes like this. Col howard johnson was on a mission his whole team was wounded or dead he was also wounded by a grenade which blew his intestants out he packed his intestants back in his stomach and was holding it in with his left hand, as he was doing this he started to carry out his wounded battle buddies so they can get medivaced he got all of them to the LZ before the birds got there help load them and was the last damn soldier to get on the bird now that takes major guts and all the army values and more. Story 3: â€Å"This story about a soldier who was not honorably discharged from the army. with a little bit of research shows that he was a failure who could not hack the military even in a real echelon slot, and he was booted from the Army for smoking pot after unsuccessfully attempting to get an early discharge. So he didn’t honorably do his duty and earn our respect like his unwashed peers would claim. And his Other Than Honorable Discharge is probably why he’s claiming to be homeless (while jetting to Washington DC from his home in Alaska) instead of using the GI benefits that every honorably discharged vet is entitled to and finding a job or going to school. This soldier is now homeless and is seeking help. â€Å"-(resource new paper article) I know personally that we make mistakes. Even though we make mistakes that does not give society the right to peg us as useless, dirtbags, and all other word they use for so called bad soldiers. t takes alot of guts to join the army durning the time of war and sometimes you make mistakes no matter how big the mistake is we are still human and we make human errors. I belieave in god and i know for a fact that we are not perfect and god forgives us for not being perfect. So take a second and think before you label a soldier a dirtbag and try to help that soldier get over the fence, we are all brothers in arms and we have to take care o f each other. Story 4: This is a story about a soldier who did not for fill his duty in the Army.

Deriving Keplers Laws of Planetary Motion

Deriving Kepler’s Laws Tanner Morrison November 16, 2012 Abstract Johannes Kepler, a world renowned mathematician and astronomer, formulated three of today’s most in? uential laws of physics. These laws describe planetary motion around the sun. Deriving these laws (excluding Kepler’s First Law) will stress the concept of planetary motion, as well as provide a clear understanding of how these laws became relevant. 1 Kepler’s First Law Kepler’s First Law states: The orbit of every planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the two foci. 2 Kepler’s Second LawKepler’s Second Law states: A line joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal time intervals. In more simpler terms, the rate at which the area is swept by the planet is constant ( dA = constant). dt 2. 1 Derivation Of Kepler’s Second Law To start this derivation, we will need to know how to ? nd the area that is swept out by the planet. This area is equa l to ? r A= rdrd? = 0 r2 ? 2 (1) 0 The position can be de? ned by the planetary motion. r = r cos + r sin i j (2) The velocity can then be found by taking the derivative of the position. r = (? r sin ? d? dr d? dr + cos ? )? + (r cos ? i sin ? )? j dt d? dt d? (3) As noted during the derivation of Kepler’s First Law, h is a constant, due to the fact that r ? r is a constant. h = r ? r = constant To ? nd the constant vector h evaluate the determinate that is given by the cross product of r ? r . ? ? ? ? ? i j k h=? r cos ? r sin ? 0? dr d? dr d? ?r sin ? dt + d? cos ? r cos ? dt + d? sin ? 0 Once the determinate is evaluated it can be simpli? ed to h = r2 1 d? ? k dt (4) The magnitude of this vector being (the same). |h| = r2 d? dt (5) by the de? nition of h this value is a constant. Recall that the area swept out by the planet can be described as. r A= rdrd? = 0 r2 ? 2 0 The area swept through a little change in time (dt) is then equal to r2 d? dA = dt 2 dt Notice dA dt (6) looks alot like h = r2 d? dt h dA = dt 2 Showing that a constant. 3 dA dt is constant. Showing that the area swept out by the planet is Kepler’s Third Law Kepler’s Third Law states: The square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit. This derivation will show that 4 ? 2 a 2 b2 T2 = h2 3. 1 Deriving Kepler’s Third Law From the derivation of Kepler’s Second Law we know that h dA = dt 2 By using integration we can ? d the area swept out during a certain time interval (T), the period. The fundamental theorem of calculus states that the integral of the derivative is equal to the integrand, T T dA = 0 h 2 dt 0 2 by simplifying we get the area of the planetary motion h T 2 A= (7) recall that A = ? ab, inputting this into our area equation we get ? ab = h T 2 Solving for the period (T), we get 2? ab h T= By squaring this period we get, 4 ? 2 a 2 b2 h2 T2 = (8) 2 Recall the directrix of an ellipse is (d = h ) and the eccentricity of an ellipse is c c (e = GM ). Multiplying these together and simplifying we get ed = 2 e h2 = eGM GM (9) Also recall that the square of half of the major axis of an ellipse is a2 = and the square of half of the minor axis is b2 = v Consider v a2 = e2 d2 (1 ? e2 ) 2 e2 d 2 (1? e2 ) . =a= e2 d2 (1? e2 )2 Solving for a ed 1 ? e2 2 b a b2 e2 d2 (1 ? e2 ) = = ed a (1 ? e2 ) ed (10) Equating equations (9) and (10) yields h2 b2 = GM a Simplifying this we get h2 = recalling T 2 = 4? 2 a2 b2 , h2 b2 GM a (11) inserting the new found h we get T2 = 4? 2 a2 b2 a 4? 2 a3 = h2 GM GM (12) Showing that the square of the period (T 2 ) is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis (a3 ). 3

Essay about Bilbo Frodo Baggins and Bilbo

Essay about Bilbo Frodo Baggins and Bilbo Essay about Bilbo: Frodo Baggins and Bilbo the change in Bilbo's character into the three major part of the book, prior to the quest, during the quest, and after the quest. Prior to the quest, Bilbo Baggins was a conservative, respectable and stubborn hobbit who lead a rich and comfortable life (Stephanie web). These characteristics, as well as safety and a dull existence, are typical of the Baggins Family. Bilbo's father, Bungo Baggins, came from an unadventurous family that was, apart from their wealth, similar to most families in the Shire. Bilbo's mother, Belladona Took, came from a family that was very different from the Baggins Family. Read the complete essay here:the change in Bilbo's character into the three major part of the book, prior to the quest, during the quest, and after the quest. Prior to the quest, Bilbo Baggins was a conservative, respectable and stubborn hobbit who lead a rich and comfortable life (Stephanie web). These characteristics, as well as safety and a dull existence, are typical of the Baggins Family. Bilbo's father, Bungo Baggins, came from an unadventurous family that was, apart from their wealth, similar to most families in the Shire. Bilbo's mother, Belladona Took, came from a family that was very different from the Baggins Family. Read the complete essay here: Source: Joseph. Then the next day Emma went to the castle to tell Emily about those poor family and get them some cloth and food,then they gather their money and went to the store and bought them each

Human Rights Law amp; Business Essay

Human Rights Law amp; Business Essay Human Rights Law Business Essay Essay Writing and Samples The following free essay sample is posted here with the hope to give you some ideas on essay writing. You may also take a look at academic tips on research paper topic ideas, term paper format, narrative essay writing and management coursework writing in our blog. Human Rights Law BusinessIt has become evident in recent years that human rights violations occur not only from states, but also from various other actors such as transnational corporations (TNCs) (Habegger Roland 2). TNCs play an important role in global economy and can use their economic capability to achieve political objectives (Habegger Roland 2). Consequently, some TNCs may misuse their influence to the extent of violating human rights in various forms (Habegger Roland 2). To avoid this, there have been various efforts, such as United Nations conventions, by the international community to make TNCs and other businesses promote and protect human rights. To evaluate the effective enforceability of those conventions, it is essential to focus on the human rights issues that the conventions look after, and their strengths and weaknesses of in doing so. The number of initiatives and standards that are meant for corporate social responsibility has increased over the years (Report 4). They include international instruments such as treaties and declarations; nationally based standards such as constitutional provisions and national laws; certification schemes such as the Worldwide Responsible Apparel Production (WRAP); and voluntary initiatives that are adopted by businesses on a voluntary basis (Report 4). However, most of these initiatives except for some national standards are non-binding on companies, as they do not have any legal authority to regulate companies (Report 9). Moreover, nationally based standards may not often control the extraterritorial acts of TNCs (Business Human Rights 8). International laws can regulate corporations with regards to human rights issues in two ways, namely indirect and direct (Beyond Voluntarism 1). In contrast to various laws pertaining to companies, such as personal jury law, criminal law, company law and consumer law, International human rights law provides a universal benchmark to objectively measure the behaviour of companies (Beyond Voluntarism 3). Indirect form requires states to observe that companies respect human rights and that failure to do so result in legal consequences, whereas direct form imposes direct obligations on companies (Beyond Voluntarism 3). Accordingly, various conventions, which are listed below, serve in observing the compliance of TNCs with human rights issues.International Covenant on the Elimination of All Forms of RacialDiscrimination (ICERD 1965) (Beyond Voluntarism 22) International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR1966) (Beyond Voluntarism 22) International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR 1966) (Beyond Voluntarism 22)Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination againstWomen (CEDAW 1979) (Beyond Voluntarism 22)Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading (Beyond Voluntarism 22) (Beyond Voluntarism 22)Treatment or Punishment (CAT 1984) (Beyond Voluntarism 22)Convention on the Rig hts of the Child (CRC 989) (Beyond Voluntarism 22)International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All MigrantWorkers and Members of Their Families (ICPRMW 1990) (Beyond Voluntarism 22) Apart from these, the International Labour Organisation (ILO) has formed many treaties to cover various rights for workers, especially concerning health and safety issues, prohibitions on forced and child labour, and the right to organize unions (Beyond Voluntarism 22). These conventions help in regulating companies with respect to various aspects of the human rights, such as non-discrimination; womens rights; life, liberty and physical integrity of the person; civic freedoms; employees rights; child labour; slavery, forced and bonded labour; economic, social and cultural rights; and voluntarism and market forces(Beyond Voluntarism 7-34). Conventions require states to regulate and adjudicate corporate activities with regard to rights capable of abuse by private parties (Background Pa per 2). However, these conventions do not often direct obligations to corporations. Instead, they focus on measures to be taken by states to control any corporate abuses with respect to human rights (Background Paper 2). Nevertheless, conventions related to most recently adopted treaties such as ICRMW and ICRPD specifically mention businesses in this regard (Background Paper 3).Different treaty bodies related to respective conventions focus more on certain types of companies and businesses than others that states need to formulate regulations to protect against abuse with respect to human rights by those companies (Background Paper 3). To be precise, states need to take necessary steps to regulate the acts of logging and property development companies in the context of resource exploitation in the lands of indigenous people (Background Paper 3). Also, focus on healthcare does not pertain only to private healthcare providers but also includes pharmaceutical and manufacturing companie s that perform activities, which may threaten food and water resources (Background Paper 3). However, they need to have adequate and appropriate focus on other sectors and companies as well (Background Paper 3).Also, conventions require that states need to have various measures to effectively regulate and adjudicate corporate activities (Background Paper 3). The measures may range from legislative measures, to prohibit abuse and proscribe certain behaviour to administrative and judicial mechanisms to effectively investigate all complaints of human rights violations by companies (Background Paper 3). However, implementation of conventions guidelines depends on states own discretion (Background Paper 3). Also, states have to provide with appropriate remedial measures in case of human rights violations (Background Paper 3). However, there is no clarity in conventions whether regulation and adjudication should direct at respective corporate entity itself or natural persons acting on beh alf of that company (Background Paper 4). Moreover, there is no clear distinction in this regard between state and non-sate owned companies (Background Paper 4). Though some treaty bodies such as CESCR mentioned about state-owned facilities, it is not clear whether these facilities are similar to state-owned corporations (Background Paper 4).Territorial factor is crucial in regulating transnational corporations, as the convention do not directly control except for requiring respective states to do so. In view of this, states may control the activities of companies outside the states national territories through a legislation called prescriptive extraterritorial jurisdiction (Background Paper 5). However, such control needs to consider various aspects such as the nationality of offenders and/or victims, territory where the company has violated human rights, and non-intervention of other states internal affairs (Background Paper 4). From the above discussion, there are certain weakne sses for conventions that prevent them from being effectively enforceable. Conventions are mostly non-binding on companies. The system only works when the potential violators of human rights prefer it to work. Also, states can follow the guidelines of those conventions on their own discretion. In the current state, conventions do not give adequate reference to all sectors and/or companies. Moreover, there is no clarity on the roles of the states in dealing with the acts of state-owned and non-state owned companies. As conventions do not directly influence and/or regulate transnational corporations, states cannot effectively regulate and adjudicate the acts of companies outside states national territories for various reasons such as trans-border limitations. Also, states may be reluctant in enforcing the spirit of conventions states when there is connivance between a state and a TNC in which the state may benefit from the failure to enforce human rights obligations (Deva 26). States may ignore human rights obligations to attract foreign investments (Deva 26). Also, some developing states may not have adequate legal and/or economic capability to enforce HR obligations (Deva 26). Furthermore, differences in legal systems among states may be another problem (Deva 26). Above all, there are no clear sanctions that are enforceable by any convention when a transnational corporation violates human rights (Deva 10). There are several examples to explain the ineffectiveness of conventions in enforcing human rights obligations. To start with, Malaysia became a signor to the UNs CRC in 1995 (qtd. in Shirali 1). After five years, the Malaysian government started to contravene the convention with the flow of foreign investments into the country (Shirali 1). Transnational companies like Nike and Reebok were allowed to exploit Malaysias children, making them work for long hours, often twelve hours a day, with scheduled bathroom breaks (Shirali 1). This is in absolute contras t with Section 1 of Article 19 of the convention that reads: State Parties shall take all appropriate legislative, administrative, social and educational measures to protect the child from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment, or exploitation (qtd. in Shirali 1). Thus, the above mentioned act was a clear violation of the convention. However, neither the Malaysian government nor respective transnational companies had to face economic or any other kind of sanctions (Shirali 1). It explains that the indirect approach of conventions, in which states are required to regulate transnational companies and other businesses at their own discretion, is not effective in protecting human rights. In another example of human rights violation, Banco Santander Central Hispano (SCH) is Spanish bank, which is the largest private bank in Latin America and the Caribbean (Banco Santander 1). SCH is accused as a co-responsible entity in relation to the displacement of 1.4 million local people most of who are rubber producers, nut collectors and fishermen (Banco Santander 1). Nearly 5,000 families will become landless due to the lack of any plans for their resettlement or compensation (Banco Santander 1). Also, the construction will impact the drinking water in that region, increasing the malaria cases simultaneously (Banco Santander 1). In spite of its intensive corporate responsibility drive, SCH has failed to achieve compliance with weak international laws that regulate the actions of an international bank (Banco Santander 1). The United Nations ICESCR andILO's169 Convention lack the necessary enforceability to address the grievances of respective indigenous people (Banco Santander 1). To address the issues of ineffectiveness of conventions UN has proposed some norms to protect human rights from potential violations of TNCs. Accordingly, TNCs need to be compliant with the norms and submit to monitoring by the UN and other entities on their application of the Norms (Braaten 6). Though the mechanism seems like encouraging a direct approach by making TNCs directly responsible with human rights obligations, it still lacks clarity on how to implement the mechanism and the judicial validity of it (Braaten 7). To conclude, conventions are helpful in providing guideline to states on protecting and promoting human rights with regard to transnational corporations and other businesses. However, the lack of a direct approach and other related mechanisms to treat companies as directly responsible entities makes these conventions not so effective in protecting human rights.

The Regulation of Financial Reporting Case Study

The Regulation of Financial Reporting - Case Study Example These restatements reduced previously reported net income as follows: 1997, $28 million (27% of previously reported $105 million); 1998, $133 million (19% of previously reported $703 million); 1999, $248 million (28% of previously reported $893 million); and 2000, $99 million (10% of previously reported $979 million). 1 On December 2, 2001, Enron filed for bankruptcy under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. With assets of $63.4 billion, it is the largest US corporate bankruptcy.2The Enron Scandal was the most controversial time for the American Financial Markets as the tax-deferred 401(k) retirement plans of the Enron employees were reduced to nothing. The reason Enron's bankruptcy concerns the field of accounting greatly is that its prominent ,long-time auditor, Arthur Andersen, was charged with a large dereliction of duty and even fraud by the press and members of the US Congress and is still facing countless lawsuits. The current position in the Aftermath of this fiasco is that the Securities and Exchange Commission has called for the creation of a new oversight body to regulate and discipline published financial reporting.The SEC, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), and the American Institute of CPAs ( AICPA) are all under constant fire for not having clarified and properly implemented the GAAP rules relating to special-purpose entities which were the sham vehicles of Enron's shoddy accounting financial statements. 3 The following table shows some of the accounting statements/figures for Enron 4 This table shows some of the information that was used to mislead the public about the health and wealth of this promising company. Enron became a household name during its zenith, due to its promising financial records. This table shows the data from Enron Corps Annual Reports with its very promising figures concerning the records of its unconsolidated affiliates. _ SUMMARY OF THE EVENTS LEADING TO THE ENRON DISASTER 1996 The use of unconsolidated SPE's allowing the Senior execs to take money from the Enron accounts without the fact showing on the published financial statements- Senior Executives draw large remunerations for themselves ,and an era of shoddy accounting begins with risky ventures and sunk investments paving the way to financial disaster. 1997 Creation of Chewco to hide debt and inflate profits .. 1998 Financial disasters of capital intensive ventures (including a water distribution scheme and power plants in Brazil.) 1999 Permission by the Enron board of directors to waive conflict of interest rules thus allowing Andrew Fastow to run private companies that do business with Enron. The creation of LJM a sham company which is shown on the records to be buying poorly performing Enron assets. Thus a complex and questionable accounting practices saga begins that will lead to the downfall of Enron's 2000 Filing of fraudulent files for the 10-K , 1999 and forged correspondence on accounting matters.There is a large scale sale of Enron shares and more fraudulent filing of accounts for the third quarter of 2000 2001 This was a crucial year for Enron as its Ceo's committed further security fraud by omitting the company's poor financial and the Enron executives got bonus checks for millions of dollars.Ironically at this time Enron was named

Access Controls Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Access Controls - Coursework Example As a matter of fact, intelligent readers are one of the most crucial elements that provide all the inputs to control physical security. With the advent of security, these card readers can make independent access decisions. With the innovation of IP, remote access can be even granted. Access controls have created a new generation of security in many ways for organizations. Companies no longer have to rely on traditional methods of people or physical locks to achieve security. One of the many key elements of access controls is embedding authentication. AUP are set of standard and guidelines that are established by a user domain setting. AUP allows logical guidelines to ensure that audit practices are being conducted and risks are being controlled. AUP are extremely important component of framework of security policies because it dictates policies. AUP must be clear and concise in user domain. One of the most prominent factors of AUP is to ensure that user domains are separated by segregation of duties. It is crucial to understand that utilizing AUP allows suspension of user domains from an administrator standpoint. Accounts can be suspended, given limited access, administration rights to install programs, etc. Moreover, AUP encompasses managing passwords, software licenses, noncompliance consequences, and escalations. NIST is also very proactive in promoting administrator rights and segregation of duties. When administrator rights are breached or abused, PAA level agreements are crucial that are enabled to enhance accountability of user rights. It is clear that the PAA is a written, explicit agreement that a user must acknowledge to. The PAA allows the security team to generally have a contingency plan, audit in timely manner. The PAA is a typically a two page document between administration and organization. Security Assessment Policy is a governing legislation that outlines Information Security